Figure 1
APS/Carin Cain

Figure 1: Researchers have explored properties of turbulence in two important situations: (Left) A layer of fluid of thickness d under the influence of gravity g is heated from below, so that the temperature Tb is higher than the temperature Tt at the top (Rayleigh-Bénard case). When the temperature difference is sufficiently large, a transition from the state of pure heat conduction to a state of convection occurs. He et al.’s experiment [1] focuses on the asymptotic state of highly turbulent convection. (Right) In a Taylor-Couette system, a fluid fills the gap between coaxial cylinders with radii ri and ro, d=ro-ri, which rotate independently with the angular velocities Ωi and Ωo, respectively. At high enough rotation differential, Ωi-Ωo>0, a transition from the purely cylindrical flow to axially symmetric Taylor vortices occurs. The latter become turbulent at much higher values of Ωi-Ωo, which is the regime investigated in Huisman et al.’s experiment [2].