Synopsis

# Sensing Single Spins in Dense Spin Baths

Physics 13, s56
The measurement of a single nuclear spin in a noisy spin environment opens up new possibilities for quantum technologies.

Nuclear spins can be measured for certain atoms through their fluorescence signals. These signals can also determine the spins of the fluorescent atom’s neighbors. Until now that had been demonstrated only in “dilute nuclear-spin baths,” in which most of the atoms have an even number of protons and neutrons and, therefore, zero spin. Now, Thomas Kornher at the University of Stuttgart, Germany, and colleagues have measured the spin of a single silicon-29 nucleus ( ${}^{29}$Si), via a neighboring fluorescent cerium ion (Ce ${}^{3+}$), in the dense nuclear-spin bath yttrium orthosilicate ( ${\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{SiO}}_{5}$or YSO). Single nuclear spins could one day serve as qubits in quantum computers, which might now be built using a wider range of materials.

Kornher and colleagues made their measurements in ultrapure crystals of YSO, in which Ce ions replaced Y at a concentration of about 0.3 ppb. Focusing on a micrometer-sized patch of YSO, the researchers used circularly polarized laser pulses to excite Ce’s additional electrons into a specific energy and spin state. They then put the electrons into spin superposition states using a microwave field. With a subsequent series of laser pulses, they prompted a fluorescence signal from the Ce ions, from which they measured the coherence of the spin superposition.

By measuring the fluorescence of many individual Ce ions, Kornher and colleagues observed how neighboring spins perturbed the superposition. They found that the spins of the individual ${}^{29}$Si nuclei—the nearest lattice neighbor for about 20% of the Ce ions—revealed themselves by disrupting the electron spin superposition after a characteristic time interval. Next, the researchers hope to manipulate the ${}^{29}$Si nuclear spin itself with a view to implementing quantum logic gates.

This research is published in Physical Review Letters.

–Marric Stephens

Marric Stephens is a Corresponding Editor for Physics based in Bristol, UK.

## Related Articles

Materials Science

### Why Wetting a Surface Can Increase Friction

Experiments suggest that hydrogen bonding explains why a wet surface can have nearly twice as much friction as a dry surface. Read More »

Condensed Matter Physics

### Cooking with Phason Gas

Heat-transport measurements and neutron-scattering spectroscopy probe a form of thermal conduction based on excitations called phasons. Read More »

Materials Science

### Dark Matter Goes Down to the Wire

A superconducting nanowire detector places new bounds on how a hypothetical lightweight dark matter particle interacts with electrons. Read More »